Check Debian/Ubuntu Linux package version using apt-get/aptitude command

Originally published at: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/debian-ubuntu-linux-apt-get-aptitude-show-package-version-command/

I am a new Debian / Ubuntu Linux sysadmin. I would like to find out what version I would install if I ran the . How do I find out which versions of a package can I install using apt-cache/apt-get command? How do you check package version using apt-get/aptitude on Debian or Ubuntu Linux server?